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不锈钢焊条试用注意事项
日期：2024-06-13 16:38
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摘要：<span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:small;"> </span>
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<span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size:small;">不锈钢焊条试用注意事项</span></span>
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<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">1</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、铬不锈钢具有一定的耐蚀</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">(</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">氧化性酸、有机酸、气蚀</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、耐热和耐磨性能。通常用于电站、化工、石油等设备材料。铬不锈钢焊接性较差，应注意焊接工艺、热处理条件及选用合适电焊条。</span></span>
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<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">2</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、铬</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">13</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">不锈钢焊后硬化性较大，容易产生裂纹。若采用同类型的铬不锈钢焊条</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">(G202</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">G207)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">焊接，必须进行</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">300</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;">℃</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">以上的预热和焊后</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">700</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;">℃</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">左右的缓冷处理。若焊件不能进行焊后热处理，则应选用铬镍不锈钢焊条</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">(A107</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">A207)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">。</span></span>
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<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">3</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、铬</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">17</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">不锈钢，为改善耐蚀性能及焊接性而适当增加适量稳定性元素</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">Ti</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">Nb</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">Mo</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">等，焊接性较铬</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">13</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">不锈钢好一些。采用同类型的铬不锈钢焊条</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">(G302</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">G307)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">时，应进行</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">200</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;">℃</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">以上的预热和焊后</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">800</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;">℃</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">左右的回火处理。若焊件不能进行热处理，则应选用铬镍不锈钢焊条</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">(A107</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">A207)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">。</span></span>
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<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">4</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、铬镍不锈钢焊条具有良好耐腐蚀性和抗氧化性，广泛应用于化工、化肥、石油、医疗机械制造。</span></span>
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<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">5</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、铬镍不锈钢焊接时，受到重复加热析出碳化物，降低耐腐蚀性和力学性能。</span></span>
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<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">6</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、铬镍不锈钢药皮有钛钙型和低氢型。钛钙型可用于交直流，但交流焊时熔深较浅，同时容易发红，故尽可能采用直流电源。直径</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">4.0</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">及以下可用于全位置焊件，</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">5.0</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">及以上用于平焊及平角焊。</span></span>
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<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">7</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、焊条使用时应保持干燥，钛钙型应经</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">150</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;">℃</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">干燥</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">1</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">小时，低氢型应经</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">200</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">～</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">250</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;">℃</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">干燥</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">1</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">小时</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">(</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">不能多次重复烘干，否则药皮容易开裂剥落</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">，防止焊条药皮粘油及其它脏物，以免致使焊缝增加含碳量和影响焊件质量。</span></span>
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<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">8</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、为防止由于加热而产生睛间腐蚀，焊接电流不宜太大，比碳钢焊条较少</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">20%</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">左右，电弧不宜过长，层间快冷，以窄焊道为宜。</span></span>
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不锈钢焊条试用注意事项
1、铬不锈钢具有一定的耐蚀(氧化性酸、有机酸、气蚀)、耐热和耐磨性能。通常用于电站、化工、石油等设备材料。铬不锈钢焊接性较差，应注意焊接工艺、热处理条件及选用合适电焊条。
2、铬13不锈钢焊后硬化性较大，容易产生裂纹。若采用同类型的铬不锈钢焊条(G202、G207)焊接，必须进行300℃以上的预热和焊后700℃左右的缓冷处理。若焊件不能进行焊后热处理，则应选用铬镍不锈钢焊条(A107、A207)。
3、铬17不锈钢，为改善耐蚀性能及焊接性而适当增加适量稳定性元素Ti、Nb、Mo等，焊接性较铬13不锈钢好一些。采用同类型的铬不锈钢焊条(G302、G307)时，应进行200℃以上的预热和焊后800℃左右的回火处理。若焊件不能进行热处理，则应选用铬镍不锈钢焊条(A107、A207)。
4、铬镍不锈钢焊条具有良好耐腐蚀性和抗氧化性，广泛应用于化工、化肥、石油、医疗机械制造。
5、铬镍不锈钢焊接时，受到重复加热析出碳化物，降低耐腐蚀性和力学性能。
6、铬镍不锈钢药皮有钛钙型和低氢型。钛钙型可用于交直流，但交流焊时熔深较浅，同时容易发红，故尽可能采用直流电源。直径4.0及以下可用于全位置焊件，5.0及以上用于平焊及平角焊。
7、焊条使用时应保持干燥，钛钙型应经150℃干燥1小时，低氢型应经200～250℃干燥1小时(不能多次重复烘干，否则药皮容易开裂剥落)，防止焊条药皮粘油及其它脏物，以免致使焊缝增加含碳量和影响焊件质量。
8、为防止由于加热而产生睛间腐蚀，焊接电流不宜太大，比碳钢焊条较少20%左右，电弧不宜过长，层间快冷，以窄焊道为宜。
