不锈钢加工成型时变形回弹怎么办？

摘要：<span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size:small;">不锈钢加工成型时变形回弹怎么办？</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">不锈钢的回弹的确麻烦，跟很多原因有关系。硬度方面，硬度越大，回弹越大。上次用了</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">301-EH</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">料，回弹放到</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">14</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">度。弯曲半径料厚与料厚比：比值越大，回弹越大。</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">SUS301</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">比</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">SUS304</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">回弹大，相同情况下，</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">304</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">比</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">301</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">回弹小</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">2</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">度。另外日本</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">301</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">比台湾料回弹要大。成型方式也有差异。一步成型的回弹比多次成型的回弹要大。试模后修正，差多少度改多少度，而且要注意回弹有角度回弹和半径回弹，具体情况具体分析了。当然如果技师的技术好，会错位来调整，调整好后通知设计进行相应更改。一般每次移</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">5</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">条来试，这个就是靠技师的技术和经验了。由于不锈钢自身屈服点高，不锈钢板折弯加工要点。硬度高，冷作硬化效应显着。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">延伸率低，因导热性比普通低碳钢差。导致所需变形力大</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">;</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">不锈钢板料在折弯时与碳钢相比有强烈的回弹倾向</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">;</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">不锈钢板相对于碳钢由于延伸率低，折弯时工件折弯角</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">R</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">要大于碳钢，否则有出现裂纹的可能</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">;</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">由于不锈钢板硬度高，冷作硬化效应显着因此在选择压弯刀具时要选择热处置硬度应达到</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">60HRC</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">以上的工具钢，其外表粗糙度要比碳钢的压弯刀具高一个数量级。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">一般来说单位尺寸下，根据以上特性。板材越厚，所需折弯力越大，而且随着板厚增大在选择折弯设备时折弯力的裕量应该更大</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">;</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">单位尺寸下，抗拉强度越大，延伸率越小，所需折弯力越大，折弯角应该越大</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">;</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">设计图中板厚与折弯半径对应情况下，根据经验，一道弯工件的展开尺寸为直角边相加减去两个板厚，完全可以满足设计精度要求。根据经验公式计算展开量可简化计算过程大大提高生产效率</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">;</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">材质的屈服强度越大，弹性回复量就越大，为获得折弯件</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">90</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">度的角度，所需压刀的角度就要设计的越小。相对于碳钢相同板厚的不锈钢折弯角较大，这一点应特别注意否则会出现压弯裂纹，影响工件强度。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> </span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:small;"> </span>